Suchergebnisse

"Daunting challenges lie ahead for Arab countries where revolutions have upended longstanding authoritarian regimes. These unexpected events created new uncertainties in a troubled region: Would the Arab Spring lead to a flowering of democracy? Would loosening of the political systems in these countries unleash dangerous forces of extremism or ethno-sectarian conflict? Would new autocrats replace the old ones? Through a comparative analysis of past democratization experiences throughout the world over nearly four decades and a detailed look at recent uprisings in the Arab world, Democratization in the Arab World aims to help policymakers understand the challenges ahead, form well-founded expectations, shape diplomatic approaches, and take practical steps to foster positive change. The monograph explores the conditions and decisions that are most likely to influence whether democratization succeeds in Arab countries undergoing political transitions. It identifies the main challenges to democratization in these countries; analyzes how countries in Europe, Latin America, Asia, and Africa have dealt with similar challenges in the past; and suggests what the United States and broader international community can do to help strengthen fledgling democracies in the Arab world."--Page 4 of cover

Inhaltsverzeichnis: Norms of international law relating to the constitution-making process / Thomas M. Franck and Arun K. Thiruvengadam -- Constitution making and the right to take part in a public affair / Vivien Hart -- Constitution making in Eritrea: a process-driven approach / Bereket Habte Selassie -- Namibia's long walk to freedom: the role of constitution making in the creation of an independent Namibia / Marinus Wiechers -- Creating the birth certificate of a new South Africa: constitution making after apartheid / Hassen Ebrahim and Laurel E. Miller -- The politics of constitution making in Uganda / Aili Mari Tripp -- Zimbabwe's unfulfilled struggle for a legitimate constitutional order / Muna Ndulo -- The process of creating a new constitution in Cambodia / Stephen P. Marks -- East Timor's constitutional passage to independence / Louis Aucoin and Michele Brandt -- Between coups: constitution making in Fiji / Jill Cottrell and Yash Ghai -- The drafting process for the 1998 Albanian constitution / Scott N. Carlson -- The Dayton constitution of Bosnia and Herzegovina / James C. O'Brien -- Constitution making and transitional politics in Hungary / Andrew Arato and Zoltan Miklosi -- Constitution making, peace building, and national reconciliation: the experience of Poland / Lech Garlicki and Zofia Garlicka -- Constitution making and democratization: the Spanish paradigm / Andrea Bonime-Blanc -- Conflict resolution and constitutionalism: the making of the Brazilian constitution of 1988 / Keith S. Rosenn -- Lessons of the Colombian constitutional reform of 1991: toward the securing of peace and reconciliation? / Donald T. Fox, Gustavo Gallon-Giraldo, and Anne Stetson -- The Nicaraguan constitutional experience: process, conflict, contradictions, and change / Philip J. Williams and Lee Walker -- The 1999 Venezuelan constitution-making process as an instrument for framing the development of an authoritarian regime / Allan R. Brewer-Carias -- Big tent, small tent: the making of a constitution in Afghanistan / J. Alexander Thier -- Deconstituting Mesopotamia: cutting a deal on the regionalization of Iraq / Jonathan Morrow -- Designing constitution-making processes: lessons from the past, questions for the future / Laurel E. Miller

The memory of a few spectacular failures has created the impression that nation building seldom succeeds. Yet most such operations over the past 20 years have produced positive results. (Survival / SWP)

Finding ways to safely store and ultimately dispose of nuclear waste remains a matter of considerable debate. This volume describes the steps needed to design a new, single-purpose organization to manage and dispose of commercial and defense high-level radioactive materials and examines three models for such an organization--federal government corporation, federally chartered private corporation, and independent government agency

CHAPTER ONE Introduction 1. - CHAPTER TWO Which Local Factors Pose Challenges to Nation-Building? 11. - CHAPTER THREE Cambodia 29. - CHAPTER FOUR El Salvador 67. - CHAPTER FIVE Bosnia and Herzegovina 93. - CHAPTER SIX East Timor 125. - CHAPTER SEVEN Sierra Leone 151. - CHAPTER EIGHT Democratic Republic of the Congo 179. - CHAPTER NINE Estimating the Challenges and Comparing with Outcomes 205. - CHAPTER TEN Conclusions 233. - APPENDIXES. - A. Performance Indicators and Nation-Building Inputs for 20 Major Post-Cold War Nation-Building Interventions 247. - B. Economic Growth Statistics for Nation-Building Interventions in Comparative Perspective 269

Hope for a prosperous and peaceful future for Haiti lies in building a more effective, resilient state. This report identifies the main challenges to more capable governance, evaluates existing plans for improving the delivery of public services, and proposes a realistic set of critical actions. The proposed state-building priorities merit the greatest degree of Haiti's andinternational donors' policy attention and financial commitment.

Introduction -- U.S. Interagency Planning and Implementation--Vision and Reality in 2010 -- Military-to-Civilian Hand-Off of Security and Economic Operations -- Disarmament, Demobilization, and Reintegration -- Police and Justice Functions -- The Contribution of International Partners -- Conclusions and Recommendations -- Appendix A: U.S. Government Agencies Involved in Implementing or Supporting Policing Capabilities -- Appendix B: U.S. Government Agencies Involved in Building or Supporting Justice and Corrections Capabilities -- Appendix C: Key Capabilities of U.S. Government Agencies